True Facts: The Crazy Defenses of Butterflies and Moths

Go to brilliant.org/zefrank to get a 30-day free trial + the first 200 people will get 20% off their annual subscription. merch: ze-true-store.myshopify.com/ patreon: www.patreon.com/truefacts classical music: soundcloud.com/querflote/5-au... sponsor music: incompetech.com/ Thank you: Gino Nearns youtube.com/@GinoNearns Alicia Hodson Jojo Rocha, IG: @Jojoinsects Dr Marco Antonio Giraldo Cadavid Dr Juliana Patricia Sosa Espinosa Dr Tyson Hedrick Dr Aaron Corcoran, sonarjamming.com: youtube.com/@AaronCorcoran1 Dr Adrian Smith:    / @antlab   Dr Changku Kang Dr Jesse Barber Dr Akito Y. Kawahara Dr Haider Butt Konstantin Kornev Dr Nipam Patel Oshyan Greene Jojo Rocha, IG: Jojoinsects Dr Aaron Pomerantz Damien Gailly Dr Rachel Thayer Barber JR, et al. Anti-bat ultrasound production in moths is globally and phylogenetically widespread. 2022 Jun 21;119(25):e2117485119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2117485119. Bode-Oke AT, Dong H. 2020 The reverse flight of a monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) is characterized by a weight-supporting upstroke and postural changes. J. R. Soc. Interface 17: 20200268. dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2020.0268 Brunetti CR, et al. The generation and diversification of butterfly eyespot color patterns. doi: 10.1016/s0960-9822(01)00502-4. Chotard A, et al. Evidence of attack deflection suggests adaptive evolution of wing tails in butterflies. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0562. Corcoran AJ, et al.. How moths escape bats: predicting outcomes of predator-prey interactions. doi: 10.1242/jeb.137638. Corcoran AJ, et al. Optimal predator risk assessment by the sonar-jamming arctiine moth Bertholdia trigona. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063609. Dinwiddie A, et al. Dynamics of F-actin prefigure the structure of butterfly wing scales. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.06.005. Fuchiwaki, M et al. Dynamic behavior of the vortex ring formed on a butterfly wing. Exp Fluids 54, 1450 (2013). doi.org/10.1007/s00348-012-1450-x Giraldo, M. A. (2008). Butterfly wing scales: Pigmentation and structural properties. Hirata K, Otaki JM. Real-Time In Vivo Imaging of the Developing Pupal Wing Tissues in the Pale Grass Blue Butterfly Zizeeria maha: Establishing the Lycaenid System for Multiscale Bioimaging. doi: 10.3390/jimaging5040042. Holmes GG, et al. Testing the feasibility of the startle-first route to deimatism.. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-28565-w. Iwata M, et al. Developmental dynamics of butterfly wings: real-time in vivo whole-wing imaging of twelve butterfly species. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-34990-8. Johansson LC, Henningsson P. 2021 Butterflies fly using efficient propulsive clap mechanism owing to flexible wings. doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2020.0854 Kawahara AY, et al. Tempo and mode of antibat ultrasound production and sonar jamming in the diverse hawkmoth radiation.doi: 10.1073/pnas.1416679112. Kim Y, et al. Prey with hidden colour defences benefit from their similarity to aposematic signals. Proc Biol Sci. 2020 Sep 9;287(1934):20201894. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1894. McDougal AD, et al. In vivo visualization of butterfly scale cell morphogenesis in Vanessa cardui. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 Dec 7;118(49):e2112009118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2112009118. Neil, T et al. (2020). Thoracic scales of moths as a stealth coating against bat biosonar. Journal of The Royal Society Interface. 17. 20190692. 10.1098/rsif.2019.0692. Nishida K, et al. Butterfly wing color made of pigmented liquid. Cell Rep. 2023 Aug 29;42(8):112917. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112917. Olofsson M et al. Deimatic display in the European swallowtail butterfly as a secondary defence against attacks from great tits. PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e47092. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047092. O’Reilly, L.J. et al. Deaf moths employ acoustic Müllerian mimicry against bats using wingbeat-powered tymbals. Sci Rep 9, 1444 (2019). doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-37812-z Osotsi MI, et al. Butterfly wing architectures inspire sensor and energy applications. Natl Sci Rev. 2020 May 23;8(3):nwaa107. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa107. Piszter, G.et al. Investigating the Effect of Reflectance Tuning on Photocatalytic Dye Degradation with Biotemplated ZnO Photonic Nanoarchitectures Based on Morpho Butterfly Wings. Materials2023,16,3584. https:// doi.org/10.3390/ma16093584 Rubin JJ, et al. The evolution of anti-bat sensory illusions in moths. Sci Adv. 2018 Jul 4;4(7):eaar7428. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aar7428. Suzuki K, et al. Revisiting the flight dynamics of take-off of a butterfly: experiments and CFD simulations for a cabbage white butterfly. Biol Open. 2022 Mar 15;11(3):bio059136. doi: 10.1242/bio.059136. Thayer RC, et al. Structural color in Junonia butterflies evolves by tuning scale lamina thickness. Elife. 2020 Apr 7;9:e52187. doi: 10.7554/eLife.52187.