True Facts: Sea Stars

Please check out brilliant.org/zefrank/ First 200 people get 20% off the annual Premium subscription. True Facts Poster! ze-true-store.myshopify.com/ Patreon: www.patreon.com/truefacts Classical Music: soundcloud.com/querflote/5-audio-track-1 Backbay Lounge Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Huge thank you to: Dr. Chris Mah Dr. Tomasz Baumiller Dr. Timothy O’ Hara Dr. Charles Messing Dr. Kate M. Naughton Dr. Angela Stevenson Melissa Douglas Dr. Igor Adameyko Dr. Symon Dworjanyn Dr. Lara Tomholt Dr. Simon Coppard Sina Heydari Anders Garm Melanie Lloyd Video, courtesy of Monterey Bay Aquarium Foundation © 2022 The New Zealand Marine Studies Centre, University of Otago (New Zealand), and Marco Zilioli NOAA Australian Institute of Marine Science Hakai Institute WA State Dept. of Ecology Ocean Networks Canada / CSSF-ROPOS Vancouver Aquarium Ru Selvadurai Tidal Gardens beachstuff.uk Garry Fletcher Racerocks.com Lester Pearson College Zeb Hallock Dr. Elise Hennebert Mike Lukaczyn WeDive TV Abhishek Gupta Mull Aquarium Annette G.E. Smith Robert Beck Baumiller, Tomasz K. (2008). Crinoid Ecological Morphology. , 36(1), 221–249.  doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.36.031207.124116  Baumiller, Tomasz K. and Messing, Charles G., 2007. Stalked Crinoid Locomotion, and its Ecological and Evolutionary Implications. Palaeontologia Electronica Vol. 10, Issue 1; 2A:10p, 12MB Baumiller, Tomasz K.; Mooi, Rich; Messing, Charles G. (2008). Urchins in the meadow: paleobiological and evolutionary implications of cidaroid predation on crinoids. Paleobiology, 34(1), 22–34. doi:10.1666/07031.1  Blowes, L.M. et al. (2017), Body wall structure in the starfish Asterias rubens. J. Anat., 231: 325-341. doi.org/10.1111/joa.12646 Byrne, M. Viviparity and intragonadal cannibalism in the diminutive sea stars Patiriella vivipara  and P. parvivipara. Marine Biology 125, 551–567 (1996). doi.org/10.1007/BF00353268 Clark, R.N. & Jewett, S.C. 2015: A new sea star of the genus Leptasterias from the Aleutian Islands. Zootaxa 3941(4): 579–584. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3941.4.6 Simon E. Coppard; Andreas Kroh; Andrew B. Smith (2012). The evolution of pedicellariae in echinoids: an arms race against pests and parasites. , 93(2), 125–148.  doi:10.1111/j.1463-6395.2010.00487.x  Garm Anders and Nilsson Dan-Eric 2014 Visual navigation in starfish: first evidence for the use of vision and eyes in starfish Proc. R. Soc. B.281: 20133011. 20133011, doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.3011 Garm Anders, Sensory Biology of Starfish—With Emphasis on Recent Discoveries in their Visual Ecology, Integrative and Comparative Biology, Volume 57, Issue 5, November 2017, Pages 1082–1092, doi.org/10.1093/icb/icx086 Hamel JF, Mercier A. Prespawning Behavior, Spawning, and Development of the Brooding Starfish Leptasterias polaris. Biol Bull. 1995 Feb;188(1):32-45. doi: 10.2307/1542065. PMID: 29281304. Hamel, Jean-François et al. “Prespawning Behavior, Spawning, and Development of the Brooding Starfish Leptasterias Polaris.” Biological Bulletin, vol. 188, no. 1, Marine Biological Laboratory, 1995, pp. 32–45, doi.org/10.2307/1542065. Hennebert, Elise. (2010). Adhesion Mechanisms Developed by Sea Stars: A Review of the Ultrastructure and Composition of Tube Feet and Their Secretion. 10.1007/978-3-7091-0286-2_7. Hernroth B, Farahani F, Brunborg G, Dupont S, Dejmek A, Nilsson Sko ̈ld H. 2010. Possibility of mixed progenitor cells in sea star arm regeneration. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 314B:457–468. Heydari, Sina et al.(2020). Sea star inspired crawling and bouncing. Journal of The Royal Society Interface. 17. 20190700. 10.1098/rsif.2019.0700. KHAN, M. S.R. et al. (2019).  Arrangement and size variation of intra-gonadal offspring in a viviparous asterinid sea star. Zoosymposia, 15(1), 71–82. doi:10.11646/zoosymposia.15.1.8  Meyer, D. et al. (2021). Crinoid Feeding Strategies: New I nsights From Subsea Video And Time-Lapse (Elements of Paleontology). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108893534 Okanishi M, et al. (2017) Non-destructive morphological observations of the fleshy brittle star, Asteronyx loveni using micro-computed tomography. ZooKeys 663: 1–19. doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.663.11413 Sheppard-Brennand, H. et al. (2017). A Waterborne Pursuit-Deterrent Signal Deployed by a Sea Urchin. The American Naturalist, 189, 700 - 708. Sigl, R. et al. The role of vision for navigation in the crown-of-thorns seastar, Acanthaster planci. Sci. Rep. 6, 30834; doi: 10.1038/srep30834 (2016). Solís-Marín FA, et al. (2019) doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.817.29406 Tomholt, L. et al. (2020). The structural origins of brittle star arm kinematics: An integrated tomographic, additive manufacturing, and parametric modeling-based approach. Journal of structural biology, 107481 .